Batteries

Batteries in electronics are devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical cells (anode, cathode, electrolyte) to power circuits. They are divided into primary (disposable, non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable, reversible) types. Lithium-ion batteries are the most common in modern portable devices.

In electronics, a battery charger is a device that transforms energy from a source (such as the AC mains) into a controlled direct current (DC) to restore the charge of a rechargeable battery. Its main function is to replenish the stored chemical energy by precisely regulating voltage and current to prevent damage from overcharging or overheating.