Integrated Circuits

An integrated circuit (IC), or "chip," is a miniature electronic device containing thousands or millions of components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, interconnected on a wafer of semiconductor material, commonly silicon. These circuits are fundamental to modern electronics, performing complex processing, control, and data storage functions in a small and efficient space. ICs are the foundation of devices such as computers, cell phones, televisions, and home appliances, enabling miniaturization, greater power, and energy efficiency.